Sea wall, jetty, and similar structure



Nov. 13, 1928, 1,691,335

H. v. CAMPBELL I I S EA WALL, JETTY, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE Filed 0ct.20, 1926 k I 3Shets-Sheet 1 DUI: GIZCIDU INVENTOR ill finm obel/ MALJL 14/ (r g 1 1 ATTORN s.

Nov. 13, 1928. 1,691,335

H. v. CAMPBELL sm WALL, JETTY, AND smmn STRUCTURE Filed Oct. 20, 1926 5 Sheets- Sheet INVENTOR HVUampbe/l BY )YLMALJ Tf RNEYE: I

Nov. 13, 1923. 1,691,335

H. V. CAMPBELL SEA WALL, JET'IY, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE Filed Oct. 20, 19-26 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 v O! l..- I. if

INVENTOR HVJam abafl Patented Nov. 13, 1928.

HARRY v. oAMPBELLfoF rnnnnonn, new Inn-say.

SEA WALL, JET'IY, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURE.

Application filedoctober so, 1926. seminar). 142,855.

This invention relates to breakwaters, jetties, sea-walls or dykes for the purpose of protecting shores and harbors, rivers, lakes and seas from wave action or currents. Sea-walls, brea'kwaters and similar structures have been used for many years to break up the force of currents and waves-but such structures as usually constructed have'ibeen built of rock or rip rap and have been gradu-. ally demolished by the action of the waves or currents. Otherstructures havebeen built of piles strongly reinforced and suchiconstruction's are veryexpensive. Structures of this type depend for their-stability upon the weight and width of the base and the penetration of piles into the ground or bed:

This invention has for its salient object to provide a sea-walh'dylre, jettyor similar structure thatwill have great stability and will ellectively break up or neutralize the force'of currents'or waves.

Another Object of 'theinvention is to provide sea-wall orsimilar structure so ,constructed and arranged that it will inherently resist forces tendingto overturn it and'will not be primarily dependent for its stability on the depth or penetration of the supporting piles or other structure on which itis mounted. r Another object of the invention is to provide a rigid and stable structure of the character specified so constructed that it can be- "erected at a minimum expense. v

Further objects of the invention will appear from the followingspecificationtaken in connection with the drawings, which form apart of this application, and in which n I Fig. l is an elevation ol"asea-wall or jetty constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. 2 is a top plan view of one type of seawall embodying the invention;

Figs. 3 and 4 are top plan views of other types of sea-wall embodying the invention;

Fig. 5 is a sectionalelevationtaken through the monolith or wall and th'e'sup j ortingpile on which'it is mounted; f V T Fig. 6 is an elevational view of a portion of the sea-wall; i I

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectionalelevation through the monolith or wall; Figs. 8 and 8 are elevational views of one form of pile that may be used to'jsupport the sea-Waller monolith; V

Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional elevation through the piles'hown in Fig. 8; and 1 Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional elevation through a plurality of adjoining and interconnected piles showing one form of pile construction adapted for use with a monolith of the type shown in Fig. 7. v 1

The invention briefly described consists of a sea-wall comprising a monolithic reinlorced concrete construction supported on piles arranged to conform tothe contour of the wall or monolith. The wall is zig-zag in construction and has alternately arranged, interconnected port-ions extending in opposite directions from a longitudinal mean or center line of the structure. 'Byreason ofthe zigzag or alternately arranged portions, tlie structure will present a maximum resistance to the force of the'waves or currents andwill inherently resist such forces as tend to over turn or upset the wall. llurthermore, thezigzag structure will breakupand largely neutralize the force of the waves or currents. Further details ot the invention will appear from the following description.

Thegeneral scheme oferecting a wall or break-water of the type under consideration is illustrated 'inligw-l.v In thisfigure," the wall comprises what may lbe termed an inshore portion A and an 'ofl'shore portion B. The dotted line X represents the bed' of the stream or ocean and the dash line Y represents the mean water level;

The sea-wall is built by driving plurality of piles preferably of reinforced concrete construction, into the bed of the ocean or stream and the line Z on F ig: 1 represents the upper endso't the piles.

A' monolithic struc-' ture D is mounted on the inshore portion of the pile structure. 1 I I The main feature of the invention consists of forming the wall in such a manner that it will be inherently stable and will present great resistance to wave iforce's." The wall maybe made in various shapes or contours.

In 2 fl WEtll. is shown having alternately arranged, oppositely extending portions 10 v and 11'. The inshore portion A consists'of a reinforced, monolithic concrete structure D mounted on the upper ends of the piles. "The ol'lshore portion B consists of a plurality of interconnected or interlocking pilesarranged in the mannerof'the monolithicWaller in zig-zag relation. At the outer'end of the "offshore portion are shown at l5 and 16 .tWo

sets or two rows of reinforced pile. Thewall at the -'junction of the; inshore portion A and offshore portion B is shown at 20, 21 and 22 as stepped.

Fig. 3 shows another contour of sea-wall comprising alternately arranged, oppositely extending rectangular portions 25 and 26.

In Fig. & the oppositely extending portions 80 and 31 are curvedin contour.

Fig. 5 illustrates in section a pile 35 and a portion 36 of the monolithic wall mounted on the top o f the pile. The piles 35 are arranged as shown in Fig. 6 side l y side and abutting and they are preferably interlocked in any suitable manner as in the manner illustrated in Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive and hereinafter described.

The monolithic concrete portion of the sea Wall is preferably constructed in some such manner as that shown in Fig. 7, the concrete being reinforced by steel tie rods and other suitable reinforcing structure.

The piles 36 may be formed in any suitable manner and one construction of pile is illustratedin Figs. 8 to 10. From these illustrations, it will be seen thateach pile has a' portion 4.0 at each longitudinal edge thereof cut away and forming an angular recess and The form of pile just has embedded therein at each edge thereof a longitudinally extending angle or L-shaped bar 41. The piles aredriven into the bed With the L-shaped bars interlocking as shown in Fig. 10 and after being set, grout may be poured into the unfilled portions of the recesses entirely filling the interlocking joints. described afiords an inexpensive construction and it will be noted that the piles are interchangeable and need due to wave impact.

not be. arranged in any regular sequence as is the case with most of the forms otinterlocking piles. The piles as above explained are so driven that they will conform to the zigzag or angular contour of the sea-wall.

From the above description it Willbe clear that the angular or curved shape orcontour of the sea-wall will inaddition to its weight and the pile penetration cause each of the oppositely extending portions or panels to be supported andstabilized by the adjacent portion or panel. This form of construction provides great resistance against overturning The inshoreportion A afiords an absolute resistance to wave blows or forces, protects the beach on the lee side and tends to break up the wave surge and currents accelerated by straight jetties as they approach the beach.

This portion of the sea-Wall also holds the beach on the windward side. The whole structure afi'ords a protection for the beach both above and below the water and induces accretion by retarding the littoral sanddritt and inshore current- Although one specific embodiment of the invention has been particularly shown and described, it will be understood that the invention is capable of modification and that changesin the construction and in the arrangement of the various cooperating parts I stantiall'y perpendicular to the shore line and having a series of alternately arranged interconnected portions extending on opposite sides of a longitudinal or mean center line of the structure.

2. self-sustaining sea wall consisting of a rigid elongated structure extending substantially perpendicular to the shoreline and having a series of staggered interconnected portions extendlng on opposite sides of a longitudinal or mean center line of thestructure.

3. A self-sustaining sea wall consisting of a rigld elongated structure extending subhaving a series of alternately disposed interconnected portions arranged in zigzag shape.

4. A self-sustaining sea wallconsisting 0 a rigid elongated structure extending substantially perpendicular to the shore line and 'stan'tially perpendicular to the shore line and having a series of staggered portions extending'on ooposite sides of a longitudinal or mean center line of the structure.

. 5. A self sustaining sea-Wall consisting of a rigid, elongated structure extending substantially perpendicular to the shore lineand having a series of interconnected portions ex tending substantially equal distances on op-. posite sides of a longitudinal ormean center line of the structure. v

6. A sea-wall or jetty comprising a plural ity of interconnected piles and a monolithic wall mounted on said piles, saidpile structure and said monolithic structure having a series of alternately arranged,interconnected portions extending on oppositesides of a longitudinal or mean center line of the sea wall. p

7. A pilestructure composed of piles each having oppositely extending, angular recesses at the two side edges thereof andoppositely extending, longitudinal angle bars embedded in the pile structure, the outer edges of said bars being disposed in said recesses, the several piles providing'in combination a structure having a series of staggered portions extending on opposite sides of a longitudinal or mean center line ofthe structure. 1 I

8. A self sustaining sea-wall, consisting of a rigid, elongated structure extending substantially at right angles to the shore line tudinal or mean center line of the structure, said structure comprising'piling having a reinforced monolithic concrete cap mounted on its inshore portions.

9. A sea-Wall consistingof an elongated structure having a series of interconnected portions extending on opposite sides of the mean center line of the structure, said portions having substantially vertical Walls, piling for supporting said portions, the cross sectional area ofwhich no more than equals that of the portions.

10. Aself sustaining seanvall consisting of a rigid, elongated structure extending substantially at right angles to the shore line and having a series of interconnected, alternately arranged portions extending on opposite sides of a longitudinal or mean center line of the structure, said portions being designed to Withstand Water forces from either side of ihe structure, said portions having 

